The purpose of this work is to provide a flexible thermodynamic model based on the filling and emptying approach for the performance prediction of turbocharged compression ignition engine. To validate the model, comparisons are made between results of a developed a computer program in FORTRAN language and the commercial GT-Power software operating under different Conditions. The comparisons show that there is a good concurrence between the developed program and the commercial GT-Power software. The variation of the speed of the diesel engine chosen extends from 800 RPM to 2100 RPM. In this work, we studied the influence of several engine parameters on the power and efficiency. Moreover, it puts in evidence the existence of two optimal points in the engine, one relative to maximum power and another to maximum efficiency. It is found that if the injection time is advanced, so the maximum levels of pressure and temperature in the cylinder will be high.

The cooling rate under impingement of air jet finds massive application in electronic packaging, material processing industries and cooling of gas turbine. The conventional cooling of heat sinks was till date carried out using a fan and pump. Recently, the momentous impingement of air has been found to produced 1.5 times the cooling rate, as compared with conventional method, under same pumping power. Previously, attractive amount of Research is carried out in observing the cooling rate for constant heat flux boundary Condition, and less are available for constant wall temperature. The present research provides an in-depth numerical investigation for such jet impinged heat sinks, with a heat flux boundary Condition. The exponential variation of heat flux magnitude with radial distance (Away from impingement point), is observed to be a generic alternate of constant wall temperature boundary Condition. The numerical computation for heat transfer of such exponentially powered heat flux sink is carried out using FLUENT (ANSYS 2023R1). An orthogonal 2-D mesh computational domain with a compactible SST and K-Omega turbulence model is simulated for various inlet velocity and nozzle-target spacing. The impingement of jet and local cooling of target surface is defined using a well know non-dimensional Reynolds and Nusselt number, respectively. The exponential power for non-uniformly heated sinks can be readily selected (0.1-1) to replicate the present non-uniform heating or constant wall temperature boundary Condition. Non-uniform heating has gained lots of attention of heat transfer researcher across the globe. The computation results extracted for various impinging Reynolds number and nozzle-target spacing, were closely best fitted using regression and validated with referred previous literature results. Tight dependency of slope parameter, over Reynolds number and z/d is observed in local cooling rate.  These dependencies are judged based on the power of exponents. The semi – empirical correlations are defined separately for and stagnation, transition, and wall jet regions, separately. Such correlation can plan the design of cooling system, under non-uniform heating Conditions

Recently proposed distributed incremental fractional tap-length (FT) variable-length least mean square (LMS) technique do not consider noisy links errors, which occur during the communication of local estimations between nodes. In this paper, we study the noisy links effect on the performance of this algorithm. We derive a mathematical formulation for the Steady-state length at each node. Our derived relationship shows how Steady-state tap-length is affected by noisy links. Simulations confirm that there is a good match between the theory and simulated tap-length. Furthermore, the critical result is that, as the noise level increases, the Steady-state tap-length decreases compared to the ideal link version. However, in low noise Conditions, this length is still larger than the optimal filter length.

In designing the fuel rod, having a reliable prediction of fuel performance is of high importance in order to comply with safety principles. Various computer codes have been provided for this purpose. Each of these codes uses different mechanical models, numerical and analytical methods. Accordingly, the purpose of the present work is to develop Fortran computer software for mechanical and thermal analysis of fuel rods using numerical methods, especially applying the principle of virtual work in mechanical analysis of fuel rods in Steady-state Conditions. The finite element method is used to solve the equations. The mechanical analysis includes phenomena such as swelling and fuel density and clad creep. Through these phenomena and simultaneous performance of mechanical and thermal analysis, fuel-clad interaction, stress and strain rate in fuel and clad, fuel center temperature, oxide layer thickness, fuel, and clad temperature distribution during operation is obtained by the code. The results of the code are compared with the results of the analytical method which are available in other research works. Finally, for the VVER1000 reactor, mechanical and thermal analysis of the fuel rod was performed over a 1600-day interval. According to the simulation, the fuel-clad interaction occurs after 1250 days.

This paper is concerned with the conduction heat transfer between two parallel plates filled with a multi-layer porous medium under a Local Thermal non - equilibrium Condition. Analytical solution is obtained for both fluid and solid temperature fields in the porous channel incorporating the effects of thermal conductivity ratio, porosity, and a non-dimensional heat transfer coefficient at the pore level. The effects of the variable porosity on the temperature distribution are completely shown and compared with the constant porosity model. The presented method for analysis of heat transfer in a multi-layer porous medium is a generalized solution which is valid for arbitrary number of internal porous layers. The local temperature difference between fluid and solid phases is also calculated for a wide range of parameters. The results confirmed that the conductivity ratio and the porosity of the internal layers have significant role in the thermal modeling of the porous channel.

After a comprehensive study of voltage unbalance issue, this paper presents the defects of some unbalance factors and concentrates on the importance of considering the angle of complex voltage unbalance factor (CVUF) in order to unbalanced Condition assessment. Then, for the sake of precise analyzing of the Steady state performance of the induction motor (IM) under unbalanced Condition, the paper concentrates on the complex current unbalance factor (CCUF) that consists of complex voltage unbalance factor and impedance unbalance factor (IUF). Therefore, the method considers the effects of induction motor parameters as well. Because, the induction machine parameters affect the performance of the induction motor under unbalanced Condition, complex current unbalance factor gives a precise estimation of the electromagnetic torque and the output power of the motor. In this paper, the improvement of the Steady state performance of an induction motor under unbalanced Condition by coupling small sized induction motors instead of a large one is proved.